Human right activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference to the view held by the Apex Court.

Theme

T171 Security forces, intelligence agencies & AFSPA

What UPSC asks in this theme

Questions ask the internal security challenges India faces with the role of central intelligence and investigative agencies, and the debate over AFSPA.

What to cover

• Agencies: IB, RAW, NIA, NCB, ED, CBI, NATGRID, MAC
• CAPFs: CRPF, BSF, ITBP, SSB, CISF, Assam Rifles
• AFSPA: Sections 3, 4, 6; Naga People's Movement judgment; Jeevan Reddy Committee
• Coordination gaps and reforms

Writing the answer

• Mandates, then issues and reforms

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 2 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.