GS1 Mains PYQs
Indian Heritage & Culture, History, Geography & Society. 270 questions in this collection.
By year
| Year | Questions |
|---|---|
| GS1 2026 | 20 |
| GS1 2025 | 20 |
| GS1 2024 | 20 |
| GS1 2023 | 20 |
| GS1 2022 | 20 |
| GS1 2021 | 20 |
| GS1 2020 | 20 |
| GS1 2018 | 20 |
| GS1 2017 | 20 |
| GS1 2016 | 20 |
| GS1 2015 | 20 |
| GS1 2014 | 25 |
| GS1 2013 | 25 |
Themes with GS1 questions
Sorted by how many GS1 questions each theme holds.
- T26Earth's interior, plate tectonics, mountains, islands & landforms
- T5Temple architecture & regional dynasties: Pallava, Chola, Chandela, Vijayanagara, Gupta
- T15Gandhi: mass movements, constructive programme, ideas & contemporaries
- T39Location of industries: steel, refineries, sugar, textiles, tea, rubber, corridors
- T60Technology & social change: mobiles, WFH, fast food, crypto, digital education
- T29Atmosphere, air masses, winds, inversion, deserts & auroras
- T50Caste: continuity, change, mobility & Dalit assertion
- T3Sources of history: inscriptions, rock-cut caves, travellers, Sangam & Persian texts
- T6Sculpture, painting, motifs, coins & safeguarding art heritage
- T19Integration & reorganisation of states: princely states, linguistic states, new & smaller states
- T31Tropical cyclones, twisters & cyclone warnings
- T33Oceans & marine environment: currents, salinity, dead zones, oil pollution, marine resources
- T38Glaciers, cryosphere & sea-level rise
- T44Water security: scarcity, conservation & management
- T48Diversity & national unity
- T51Tribal identity, rights & development
- T52Population & demographic transition
- T59Globalisation & Indian society and culture
- T65Gender concepts, patriarchy & women's social status
- T1Harappan civilisation, early urbanism & civilisational continuity
- T7Bhakti–Sufi movements & religious syncretism
- T9British expansion: fragmented polity, Panipat, why the Company won, Dalhousie
- T10Colonial economy: drain, deindustrialisation, famines, economic policy
- T24World Wars, interwar crisis, Great Depression & ideologies
- T25Colonisation & decolonisation: Africa, Malaya, Suez
- T30Monsoon, El Niño & drought
- T36Oil & gas: global distribution, shale, refineries
- T40Desertification, land degradation & land-use change
- T49Family, marriage, traditions & social values
- T62Communalism, sect & radicalisation
- T63Regionalism & regional disparity
- T67Women & the economy: gig work, feminisation of agriculture, care economy, gender budgeting, migration
- T4Buddhist art & sculpture schools: stupa, Gandhara, Pala
- T8Patronage, learning centres & medieval technology
- T14Early nationalism: Moderates & foreign contributors
- T16Widening of the national movement: ideological strands & global influences
- T17Final phase: Quit India, Naval mutiny, Maulana Azad
- T23Industrial Revolution and its spread: England, Japan, railways
- T27Landslides in the Himalayas & Western Ghats
- T28Earthquakes, tsunamis & volcanoes: science to preparedness
- T35Minerals & mining: resource vs environment
- T37Polar regions: Arctic resources, tundra & India's interest
- T47River interlinking & water disputes: inter-state and transboundary
- T55Urbanisation: social problems, segregation & urban poverty
- T56New urban economy: IT hubs, tier-2 cities & new middle class
- T61Secularism: Indian vs Western models
- T64Women's question in history: 19th-century reform & freedom struggle
- T74Poverty: measurement, causes & alleviation
- T116Indo-Pacific, Quad, AUKUS & sea lanes: straits, South China Sea, trade shift
- T153Renewable energy transition: solar, wind, EVs, green corridor
- T2Vedic society & its legacy in today's society
- T11Colonial administration & education policy: Macaulay, Curzon
- T121857 and tribal–peasant resistance to colonial rule
- T13Socio-religious reform: Brahmo Samaj, Young Bengal, Phule
- T20Post-independence consolidation: polity, economy, Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
- T21Early foreign policy & wars: Tashkent, Bangladesh 1971, Gujral doctrine
- T22American & French Revolutions and their legacy
- T41Forests, natural vegetation & biodiversity
- T54Migration: internal, international & illegal
- T57Smart cities, rural–urban integration & urban transport
- T58Urban floods
- T66Sex ratio & gender gaps across communities and regions
- T76Inclusive growth & human development: HDI/IHDI, social spending, equity, CSR
- T127Planning: Nehruvian planning, Soviet influence, NITI Aayog
- T137Green Revolution & food self-sufficiency: rice–wheat system, technology missions
- T146Space & geospatial technology: Chandrayaan, JWST, NavIC, asteroids, GIS
- T18Making of the Constitution: Government of India Act 1935 to Constituent Assembly
- T32Cloudbursts & extreme rainfall
- T34Coastal zone: resources, erosion & hazard preparedness
- T43Fragile Himalayan ecosystems: tourism & infrastructure
- T45Groundwater depletion & seawater intrusion
- T46Irrigation & water-use efficiency
- T53Ageing population & elderly care
- T70Affirmative action & welfare schemes for vulnerable sections
- T71Disability & inclusion: RPwD Act 2016
- T102Policy design, implementation & people's participation
- T103Civil society, NGOs, charitable trusts & donor agencies
- T108Civil services in a democracy: ethos, neutrality, reforms
- T120India & Africa: resources, digital partnership, influence
- T122Indian diaspora: from indentured labour to strategic asset
- T136Transport connectivity: tolling, UDAN, inland waterways, urban transport
- T138Cropping patterns & crop diversification: horticulture, pulses, millets
- T140Technology in agriculture: e-technology, Digital India, nano, satellites
- T144Land reforms, tenancy & land acquisition: from Bhoodan to the 2013 Act
- T145Allied & sustainable farming: livestock, fisheries, integrated & organic farming
- T151Nuclear & fusion energy: FBR, ITER, raw materials
- T155Air pollution: smog, WHO guidelines, NCAP
- T159Climate change impacts on India: food security, Himalayan & coastal states