Theme T56 · Indian Society

New urban economy: IT hubs, tier-2 cities & new middle class

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What UPSC asks

Questions ask about IT hubs' new employment and new problems, the socio-economic effects of IT industries in big cities, and tier-2 cities with a consumption-oriented new middle class.

Prepare these

• IT hubs: Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune — jobs, migration, real estate
• Problems: inequality, traffic, water stress, cost of living, gated enclaves
• Tier-2 cities: new middle class, malls, aspiration, consumption culture

Answer writing

• Balance opportunities and problems with named cities

Directive words in these PYQs: Substantiate (1).

Linked themes

Builds on: study these first

These come earlier in the roadmap. Questions in this theme use them.

Syllabus lines covered

• GS1-L7 — Role of women and women's organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

All 3 PYQs, newest first

1. GS1202210 marks · 150 wordsGS1-SOC-05-M2022-Q09

   How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption?

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2. GS12021GS1-SOC-05-M2021-S01

   What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India?

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3. GS12017GS1-SOC-05-M2017-S01

   “The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems”. Substantiate this statement with examples.

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