Highlight the importance of new objective that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century.

Theme

T16 Widening of the national movement: ideological strands & global influences

What UPSC asks in this theme

Questions ask how the national movement widened its social base through new ideological strands in the 1920s (socialism, communism, peasant and worker movements), the new goals added (economic and social freedom), and world developments that motivated anti-colonial struggle.

What to cover

• Left wing: Nehru, Bose, CSP, communists, trade unions, Kisan Sabha
• Purna Swaraj and the economic programme (Karachi resolution)
• Global influences: Russian Revolution, World Wars, Irish and other anti-colonial movements

Writing the answer

• Link each strand to the social group it brought in

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 3 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.