Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movement.

Theme

T11 Colonial administration & education policy: Macaulay, Curzon

What UPSC asks in this theme

UPSC asks about policies that shaped administration and education (Macaulay's Minute) and Curzon's policies and their long-term effect on the national movement.

What to cover

• Macaulay's Minute 1835: English education, 'downward filtration'
• Effects: English-educated class staffing administration, and the same class leading nationalism
• Wood's Despatch 1854 and universities
• Curzon: partition of Bengal, Universities Act 1904, Calcutta Corporation Act, Indian Official Secrets Act
• Curzon's policies triggering Swadeshi and extremism

Writing the answer

• Show intended aims and unintended effects (education producing nationalists)

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 2 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.