Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.

Theme

T148 Biotechnology: applications, biopharma, microbes for fuel

What UPSC asks in this theme

UPSC asks applied biotechnology achievements and pro-poor impact, why biotech activity is rising and its benefit to biopharma, and microbes for fuel.

What to cover

• Biotech applications: agriculture, health, industry
• BioE3 policy, biopharma growth
• Biofuels from microbes, algae

Writing the answer

• Link to energy and farmer income

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 3 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.