Trace India's consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Theme

T20 Post-independence consolidation: polity, economy, Jai Jawan Jai Kisan

What UPSC asks in this theme

UPSC asks you to trace consolidation in the early years across polity, economy, education and foreign policy, and the meaning of slogans like 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'.

What to cover

• Polity: Constitution, first general election 1951–52, integration
• Economy: planning, Industrial Policy 1948/1956, public sector
• Education: IITs, UGC, scientific institutions
• Foreign policy: NAM, Panchsheel
• 1965 war and food crisis behind 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'; Green Revolution push

Writing the answer

• Use a dimension-wise structure (polity, economy, education, external)

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 2 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.