Theme T124 · International Relations

UN reform, Bretton Woods & global governance

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What UPSC asks

UPSC asks why UN reform is stuck, obstacles to India's permanent UNSC seat, ECOSOC's functions, UNESCO's MacBride Commission, World Bank vs IMF, and aid tied to sourcing equipment.

Prepare these

• UNSC reform: G4, Uniting for Consensus, P5 veto
• ECOSOC and functional commissions
• MacBride report and NWICO
• Bretton Woods: mandates and differences
• Tied aid and India's position

Answer writing

• Explain structure, then India's position

Directive words in these PYQs: Discuss (2), Examine (1), Evaluate (1), Critically (1), Explain (1), Elucidate (1).

Linked themes

Builds on: study these first

These come earlier in the roadmap. Questions in this theme use them.

Syllabus lines covered

• GS2-L20 — Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

All 6 PYQs, newest first

1. GS2202515 marks · 250 wordsGS2-IR-06-M2025-Q20

   The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance." Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard.

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2. GS22017GS2-IR-06-M2017-S01

   What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it.

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3. GS22016GS2-IR-06-M2016-S02

   What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India’s position on these?

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4. GS22015GS2-IR-06-M2015-S01

   Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in UN Security Council.

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5. GS22014GS2-IR-06-M2014-S02

   Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of the aid to be used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss on merits of such terms and if, there exists a strong case not to accept such conditions in the Indian context.

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6. GS22013GS2-IR-06-M2013-S01

   The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter- governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate.

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