“Africa was chopped into States artificially created by accidents of European competition.” Analyze.

Theme

T25 Colonisation & decolonisation: Africa, Malaya, Suez

What UPSC asks in this theme

UPSC asks about decolonisation struggles in Africa and Malaya, the Suez crisis, and artificial African borders.

What to cover

• Scramble for Africa and Berlin Conference
• Western-educated African elites leading anti-colonial movements
• Malaya: ethnic composition, communist insurgency
• Suez 1956 and end of British power

Writing the answer

• Use specific countries and leaders as examples

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 4 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.