Repeated: inefficiency of agri marketing, supply chain management, upstream and downstream bottlenecks, transport and marketing constraints, supermarkets cutting intermediaries, and whether APMCs caused food inflation.
What to cover
APMC system and model APMC Act
e-NAM, FPOs
Cold chain and storage gaps
Supermarkets, contract farming, e-commerce
Writing the answer
Problem → reforms; cite e-NAM data
These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 6 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.