Explain the factors responsible for inefficiency of agri-produce marketing. How e-commerce helps to reduce inefficiency of agri-produce marketing? Explain.

Theme

T139 Agricultural marketing & supply chains: APMC, intermediaries

What UPSC asks in this theme

Repeated: inefficiency of agri marketing, supply chain management, upstream and downstream bottlenecks, transport and marketing constraints, supermarkets cutting intermediaries, and whether APMCs caused food inflation.

What to cover

• APMC system and model APMC Act
• e-NAM, FPOs
• Cold chain and storage gaps
• Supermarkets, contract farming, e-commerce

Writing the answer

• Problem → reforms; cite e-NAM data

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 6 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.