How Indian agriculture has been transformed from food scarcity to food surplus level? Explain the various government policies implemented for diversification of Indian agriculture.

Theme

T137 Green Revolution & food self-sufficiency: rice–wheat system, technology missions

What UPSC asks in this theme

Cross-paper GS1–GS3: from food importer to exporter, why the Green Revolution bypassed eastern India, technology missions and food security, agricultural revolutions and poverty, the rice–wheat system's success and costs, and policies for diversification.

What to cover

• Green Revolution: HYV, irrigation, fertilisers, MSP and procurement
• Regional imbalance: eastern India's land tenure and infrastructure
• Other revolutions: White, Blue, Yellow
• Costs: groundwater, soil, crop concentration
• Technology missions (Oilseeds, Cotton, NHM)

Writing the answer

• Balance success with consequences; link to groundwater theme

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 6 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.