Cross-paper polity–society theme: women's reservation from local bodies to Parliament, impact of reservation in panchayats, women in higher judiciary, NCW's effectiveness and constitutional status, and constitutional gender justice with case laws.
What to cover
73rd/74th Amendment and 106th Amendment (Nari Shakti Vandan)
Proxy representation ('sarpanch pati')
Women in judiciary data
NCW: powers, limits, constitutional status debate
Gender justice case laws: Vishaka, Shayara Bano, Joseph Shine
Writing the answer
Use case laws and data; balance achievements and gaps
These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 7 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.