GS1 · Indian Heritage & Culture, History, Geography & Society
Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Syllabus line GS1-L12. These 16 themes have PYQs under it; several also draw on other papers.
- T28Earthquakes, tsunamis & volcanoes: science to preparedness
- T29Atmosphere, air masses, winds, inversion, deserts & auroras
- T30Monsoon, El Niño & drought
- T31Tropical cyclones, twisters & cyclone warnings
- T32Cloudbursts & extreme rainfall
- T37Polar regions: Arctic resources, tundra & India's interest
- T38Glaciers, cryosphere & sea-level rise
- T40Desertification, land degradation & land-use change
- T41Forests, natural vegetation & biodiversity
- T43Fragile Himalayan ecosystems: tourism & infrastructure
- T44Water security: scarcity, conservation & management
- T45Groundwater depletion & seawater intrusion
- T138Cropping patterns & crop diversification: horticulture, pulses, millets
- T140Technology in agriculture: e-technology, Digital India, nano, satellites
- T155Air pollution: smog, WHO guidelines, NCAP
- T159Climate change impacts on India: food security, Himalayan & coastal states