GS2 · Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & International Relations
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Syllabus line GS2-L2. These 9 themes have PYQs under it; several also draw on other papers.
- T19Integration & reorganisation of states: princely states, linguistic states, new & smaller states
- T47River interlinking & water disputes: inter-state and transboundary
- T68Women in politics, law & institutions: reservation, judiciary, NCW, gender justice
- T87Centre–State relations: cooperative, competitive & confrontational federalism
- T88Governor, President's Rule & emergency provisions
- T89Special provisions & asymmetric federalism: J&K, Delhi, Art 371A
- T90Party system: national vs regional parties
- T91Fiscal federalism: Finance Commission, GST & state finances
- T92Local self-government: 73rd/74th Amendments, functions, funds & functionaries