Theme T78 · Constitution & Polity

Fundamental Rights: privacy, Art 21, movement, transgender rights

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What UPSC asks

Questions focus on the right to privacy (Puttaswamy), privacy and DNA testing, transgender rights, and limits on freedom of movement.

Prepare these

• Puttaswamy 2017 and its tests
• Art 21 expansion
• Transgender Persons Act 2019 and NALSA judgment
• Art 19(1)(d),(e) and restrictions

Answer writing

• Case law + provision + present relevance

Directive words in these PYQs: Examine (2), Discuss (1), Explain (1), Comment (1).

Linked themes

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Later themes that take this one further.

Syllabus lines covered

• GS2-L1 — Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

All 4 PYQs, newest first

1. GS2202610 marks · 150 wordsGS2-POL-02-M2026-S01

   Right to privacy relating to self-identity is very dear to every human being and well protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. In this context, examine the effect of the amendment in 2026, to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019

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2. GS2202415 marks · 250 wordsGS2-POL-02-M2024-Q12

   Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A. testing of child in the womb to establish its paternity.

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3. GS2202210 marks · 150 wordsGS2-POL-02-M2022-Q02

   Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. Comment

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4. GS22017GS2-POL-02-M2017-S01

   Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy.

   Also needs: T166 Data protection: DPDP Act 2023, Srikrishna CommitteeCopyReport a typo