Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and private entity.
Repeated: why PPP is needed, PPP in station and airport redevelopment, PPP shifting liabilities to future generations, concession agreement design, criticism of PPP, infrastructure for inclusive growth, and Gati Shakti coordination.
What to cover
PPP models: BOT, BOOT, HAM, TOT
Kelkar Committee on PPP
Risk allocation and renegotiation
National Infrastructure Pipeline, Gati Shakti
Investment as capital formation
Writing the answer
Pros, cons, and reforms in the concession framework
These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 7 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.