What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?

Theme

T8 Patronage, learning centres & medieval technology

What UPSC asks in this theme

Questions ask about royal patronage of learning (Krishnadeva Raya), ancient universities (Taxila vs Nalanda), and technology introduced in the Sultanate period.

What to cover

• Krishnadeva Raya: Amuktamalyada, Ashtadiggajas, Telugu and Sanskrit literature
• Taxila vs Nalanda: subjects, scholars, why Nalanda fits the 'university' idea
• Sultanate technology: paper, spinning wheel, arch and dome, Persian wheel, and their social effects

Writing the answer

• Link each technology to the social change it caused
• For Taxila, explain why it was a centre of learning rather than an organised university

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 3 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.