India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate.

Theme

T120 India & Africa: resources, digital partnership, influence

What UPSC asks in this theme

Cross-paper GS1–GS2: India's place in resource-rich Africa, India–Africa digital partnership, India's influence as Africa grows, and pros and cons of engagement.

What to cover

• India–Africa Forum Summits, lines of credit, ITEC
• Resources: oil, minerals; agriculture partnerships
• Digital public infrastructure and health cooperation
• African Union in G20
• Comparison with China's approach

Writing the answer

• Show partnership model (capacity-building) vs extraction

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 4 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.