UPSC Themes

UPSC CSE Mains 2025 · GS2 · 15 marks · 250 words

What are environmental pressure groups? Discuss their role in raising awareness, influencing policies and advocating for environmental protection in India.

Theme

T80 Environment, courts & civil society: Art 21, environmental PILs, green NGOs & pressure groups

What UPSC asks in this theme

A cross-paper theme: Art 21 and the right to clean environment (firecrackers), Supreme Court constitutionalising environment, environmental pressure groups and NGOs, and policy contradictions causing degradation.

What to cover

Writing the answer

These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 5 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.

This question also needs

T101 Pressure groups & interest representation

More PYQs from this theme

  1. GS2202210 marks

    The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.

  2. GS22018

    “Policy Contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in inadequate ‘protection and prevention of degradation’ to environment.” Comment with relevant illustrations.

  3. GS22015

    How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints.

  4. GS22015

    Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulation on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex court in this regard.

All 20 GS2 2025 questions · Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice & International Relations · Report a typo