International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above their territory. What do you understand by ‘airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggest ways to contain the threat.
Repeated: China and Pakistan border issues with BADP and BIM, denying local support to militants, transborder crime along Myanmar, Bangladesh and LoC, border management challenges, drones, airspace sovereignty, and Ladakh's Sixth Schedule demand.
What to cover
BADP, Vibrant Villages, BIM
Border forces: BSF, ITBP, SSB, AR
Drone threats and anti-drone systems
Airspace law
Writing the answer
Challenges → measures
These notes are for the whole theme, built from all 8 of its PYQs. UPSC does not publish model answers.