UPSC Themes

UPSC Mains 2025 — GS3 questions

Technology, Economy, Environment, Security & Disaster Management. 20 questions in this collection, each linked to its theme.

  1. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-AGR-01-M2025-Q03

    Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India.

    Theme: T138 Cropping patterns & crop diversification: horticulture, pulses, millets

  2. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-AGR-01-M2025-Q13

    Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion?

    Theme: T45 Groundwater depletion & seawater intrusion

  3. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-AGR-02-M2025-Q04

    Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India.

    Theme: T139 Agricultural marketing & supply chains: APMC, intermediaries

  4. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-AGR-04-M2025-Q14

    Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in this sector for generating employment opportunities.

    Theme: T143 Food processing industry

  5. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-ECO-02-M2025-Q01

    Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth?

    Theme: T76 Inclusive growth & human development: HDI/IHDI, social spending, equity, CSR

  6. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-ECO-04-M2025-Q11

    Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?

    Theme: T91 Fiscal federalism: Finance Commission, GST & state finances

  7. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-ECO-05-M2025-Q12

    Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved?

    Theme: T129 Manufacturing, MSMEs, startups & industrial policy: PLI, SEZs, labour codes

  8. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-ECO-06-M2025-Q06

    How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?

    Theme: T154 Energy security & energy independence

  9. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-ECO-08-M2025-Q02

    What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met?

    Theme: T123 WTO, trade wars & protectionism

  10. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-ENV-02-M2025-Q08

    Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard?

    Theme: T45 Groundwater depletion & seawater intrusion

  11. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-ENV-02-M2025-Q17

    Mineral resources are fundamental to the country's economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazard due to mining.

    Theme: T35 Minerals & mining: resource vs environment

  12. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-ENV-03-M2025-Q07

    What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change?

    Theme: T125 Global climate regime & India's commitments: Kyoto, Paris, COP26, ISA, CCUS

  13. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-ENV-03-M2025-Q18

    Write a review on India's climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022?

    Theme: T125 Global climate regime & India's commitments: Kyoto, Paris, COP26, ISA, CCUS

  14. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-SCI-01-M2025-Q05

    The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India's contributions to the international fusion energy project – International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?

    Theme: T151 Nuclear & fusion energy: FBR, ITER, raw materials

  15. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-SCI-03-M2025-Q16

    India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the sector in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission.

    Theme: T147 AI, semiconductors, robotics & emerging digital tech

  16. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-SCI-04-M2025-Q15

    How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?

    Theme: T140 Technology in agriculture: e-technology, Digital India, nano, satellites

  17. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-SEC-01-M2025-Q10

    The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?

    Theme: T161 Left Wing Extremism: development–security linkage

  18. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-SEC-01-M2025-Q19

    What are the major challenges to internal security and peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.

    Theme: T162 North-East insurgency & peace accords

  19. GS3202510 marks · 150 wordsGS3-SEC-02-M2025-Q09

    Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the counter measures adopted by the State?

    Theme: T163 Terrorism & external state/non-state actors

  20. GS3202515 marks · 250 wordsGS3-SEC-04-M2025-Q20

    Why is maritime security vital to protect India's sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward.

    Theme: T170 Maritime & coastal security: piracy, IMO

Other years

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